How to Stock for a Trophy Fishery

In general, the optimal range for stocking most fish species is 55 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit. This temperature range allows fish to comfortably acclimate to their surroundings and find sufficient food and refuge. In most areas of the country, this means stocking usually takes place in the fall or spring.

Before choosing the proper species, a Fisheries Biologist will likely conduct an electrofishing survey to evaluate current predator-prey relationships and remove fish if the dynamics are imbalanced. They will then design a stocking program, choosing from several staple prey fish species based on the needs of the waterbody and the stakeholder’s budget and goals.

Bluegill, for example, are popular prey fish that mature quickly and have a 5 to 6-year lifespan – providing long-term forage. Redear Sunfish are also commonly stocked as they support the food chain and have a unique diet of mollusks which helps prevent the spread of parasites to other fish. Golden Shiners are another species that serve as excellent forage for predator fish.

Threadfin shad are a favorite among Fisheries Biologists for their abundant prey status and reproductive capacity; however, they die when water temperatures drop into the low 40s, so they typically need to be restocked every spring. Although this seems inefficient, they make up for it by producing significant biomass to fuel predator fish throughout the summer.

In certain regions, trout may also be suitable candidates for stocking. In the fall or early winter, they can be stocked at smaller sizes to serve as forage for large predator fish during the cooler months, or stocked at larger sizes to create fun cold-weather fishing opportunities.

When it comes to trophy fish, stocking also tends to take place in the spring and fall, aside from fingerling Largemouth bass, which are typically stocked mid-summer. Stocking predator fish should only be done when necessary so as to not interfere with growth goals.

It is important to note that each state has its own stocking regulations. Before introducing any fish species, familiarize yourself with your state’s regulations, obtain the necessary permits, and consult with a Fisheries Biologist for guidance.

Stocking is just one part of a successful fisheries management program. Fish stocking should be accompanied by other solutions, including supplemental feeding, water quality testing and improvements, plankton bloom management, and fish cover. Consistent maintenance and monitoring will help ensure your trophy fishery continues to entertain and impress all year long.